How many hot wires typically run from the utility company into the service panel?

The typical configuration for a residential electrical service involves a standard of two hot wires running from the utility company into the service panel. This setup allows for a split-phase system, which is common in North America. One hot wire carries a voltage of 120 volts, while the other carries the same voltage but is 180 degrees out of phase with the first. This arrangement effectively provides 240 volts for larger appliances while still allowing for 120 volts for general household use.

In some cases, especially for three-phase systems used in commercial applications, there may be three or more hot wires. However, for the average residential service, two hot wires serve the dual purpose of supplying both 120 and 240 volts as needed. Understanding this configuration is essential for anyone working in low voltage communication systems, as it forms the foundation of electrical supply in the home.